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Hypnosis in Action
Health

Is Hypnosis Real? How it Works and What Science says.

April 28, 2025

As a hypnotherapist in London, I often encounter scepticism about hypnosis. Many people wonder: Is hypnosis real, or just a stage trick? The short answer is yes, hypnosis is real, and scientific research backs its effectiveness for therapy, pain management, and behavioural change.

In this article, we’ll explore the science behind hypnosis, how it works, and its proven benefits—so you can make an informed decision about hypnotherapy in London or anywhere else.

What Is Hypnosis?

Hypnosis is a focused state of attention where individuals become more open to suggestion while remaining fully aware. Contrary to popular myths, you cannot be controlled against your will—instead, hypnosis helps bypass the critical mind to promote positive change.

According to Cleveland Clinic, hypnosis is a legitimate therapeutic tool used in clinical settings for:

  • Anxiety & stress relief
  • Smoking cessation
  • Weight loss
  • Pain management
  • Overcoming phobias

The Science Behind Hypnosis

Research shows that hypnosis isn’t just relaxation—it creates measurable changes in brain activity.

1. Hypnosis Alters Brain Function

A TIME article highlights studies using fMRI scans, revealing that hypnotised individuals show:

  • Reduced activity in the default mode network (linked to self-focused thoughts)
  • Increased connectivity between brain regions, enhancing focus and suggestibility

This explains why hypnosis helps people break negative thought patterns and adopt healthier habits.

2. Hypnosis for Pain Management

Healthline reports that hypnosis can reduce pain perception by up to 40%, making it a powerful alternative to medication. Studies show it’s effective for:

  • Chronic pain
  • Childbirth (hypnobirthing)
  • Dental procedures

3. Hypnosis & Behavioural Change

The UK Hypnosis Network explains that hypnosis works by accessing the subconscious mind, where habits and emotions reside. This is why it’s so effective for:

  • Quitting smoking
  • Overcoming insomnia
  • Boosting confidence

Debunking Hypnosis Myths

✅ Myth: Hypnosis is mind control.
Fact: You’re always in control—hypnosis simply helps you focus deeply on positive suggestions.

✅ Myth: Only weak-minded people can be hypnotised.
Fact: Research shows that people with higher imagination and focus respond best to hypnosis.

✅ Myth: Hypnosis is just relaxation.
Fact: While relaxation helps, hypnosis induces a unique trance state with proven neurological effects.

Final Verdict: Hypnosis Is Real & Effective

Science confirms that hypnosis is a legitimate therapeutic tool—not magic, but a powerful psychological technique. Whether you’re seeking hypnotherapy in London for anxiety, addiction, or performance enhancement, hypnosis offers a drug-free, evidence-based solution.

Ready to Try Hypnotherapy in London?

As a certified London hypnotherapist, I help clients overcome mental blocks, reduce stress, and achieve lasting change. Book a consultation today and experience the science-backed benefits of hypnosis!

References

  1. Healthline. (n.d.). Is Hypnosis Real? Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/is-hypnosis-real
  2. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Hypnosis. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22676-hypnosis
  3. TIME. (2018). Is Hypnosis Real? Here’s What Science Says. Retrieved from https://time.com/5380312/is-hypnosis-real-science/
  4. UK Hypnosis. (2019). Is Hypnosis Real or Just Imaginings? Retrieved from https://www.ukhypnosis.com/2019/02/11/is-hypnosis-real-or-just-imaginings/
  5. Deeley, Q. et al. (2012).“Modulation of pain perception by hypnosis and fMRI.”
  6. Jiang, H. et al. (2017).“Brain Mechanisms of Hypnotic Responders.”
    • Findings: Highly hypnotizable individuals show stronger functional connectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (suggestibility control).
    • Source: *NeuroImage, 152, 400-410.*
  7. Elkins, G. et al. (2007).“Hypnotherapy for Chronic Pain Management.”
  8. Patterson, D. R., & Jensen, M. P. (2003).“Hypnosis and Clinical Pain.”
  9. Schoenberger, N. E. (2000).“Hypnosis in the Treatment of Anxiety.”
  10. Green, J. P., & Lynn, S. J. (2000).“Hypnosis and Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analytic Study.”
  11. Palsson, O. S. et al. (2002).“Hypnosis Treatment for Severe IBS.”Findings: 80% of IBS patients improved with hypnosis, with long-term benefits.
  12. Source: *Gastroenterology, 122(7), 1770-1777.*

by Antonios Koletsas
Health

The Missing Link in IBS & SIBO: How Biofilm Disruptors Improve Gut Health

March 25, 2025

As a gut-directed hypnotherapist, I understand the profound connection between the mind and the gut. The gut is often called the “second brain” because of its intricate link to our emotions, stress levels, and overall well-being. When gut health is compromised, it can lead to a cascade of digestive issues, inflammation, and even mental health issues.

One of the emerging challenges in gut health is biofilms—protective layers created by harmful bacteria, fungi, and parasites that shield them from the immune system and treatments. These biofilms can contribute to chronic gut issues such as SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth), Candida overgrowth, and persistent digestive discomfort.

How Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy Supports Gut Healing

Gut-directed hypnotherapy is a powerful, evidence-based approach that helps regulate gut function by calming the nervous system. Research has shown its effectiveness in managing IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), bloating, and functional digestive disorders. Here’s how it works:

  1. Reduces Stress & Nervous System Overdrive
    • Chronic stress disrupts gut motility and increases inflammation.
    • Hypnotherapy activates the parasympathetic nervous system (“rest and digest” mode), promoting better digestion and gut motility.
  2. Reprograms Negative Gut-Brain Patterns
    • Many people develop subconscious fear or anxiety around food and digestion.
    • Hypnotherapy helps reframe these thought patterns, reducing gut hypersensitivity.
  3. Enhances Mind-Body Communication
    • Guided visualization and somatic techniques encourage optimal gut function and microbiome balance.

The Role of Biofilm Disruptors in Gut Healing

While hypnotherapy addresses the mind-gut connection, biofilm disruptors tackle the physical barrier that protects harmful pathogens. Common biofilm disruptors include:

  • Enzymes (e.g., Serrapeptase, Nattokinase, Lumbrokinase) – Break down biofilm matrices.
  • Herbs (e.g., Berberine, Oregano Oil, Garlic) – Have antimicrobial properties.
  • EDTA & NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) – Help dissolve biofilms and support detoxification.

Combining gut-directed hypnotherapy with biofilm disruptors creates a holistic healing strategy—addressing both the psychological and physiological aspects of gut dysfunction.

A Step-by-Step Healing Approach

  1. Calm the Nervous System – Use hypnotherapy to reduce stress and improve gut-brain signaling.
  2. Disrupt Biofilms – Work with a healthcare provider to incorporate biofilm disruptors if needed.
  3. Rebalance the Microbiome – Probiotics, prebiotics, and a gut-friendly diet support repopulation of beneficial bacteria.
  4. Reinforce Positive Mind-Gut Habits – Hypnotherapy reinforces long-term gut health through subconscious reprogramming.

Healing the gut is not just about what we eat or supplements we take—it’s also about how we think, feel, and process stress. By integrating gut-directed hypnotherapy with biofilm-disrupting strategies, we can create a deeper, more sustainable healing process.

If you’re struggling with persistent gut issues, consider exploring how hypnotherapy can support your journey to better digestion and overall wellness.

Ready to transform your gut health? Let’s work together to restore balance, mind, and body.

📩 Contact me today to learn more about gut-directed hypnotherapy sessions!

References
Ford, A. C., et al. (2014). “Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis.” American Journal of Gastroenterology, 109(10), 1547–1561.

Lindfors, P., et al. (2012). “Long-term effects of hypnotherapy in patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome.” Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 47(4), 414–420.

Peters, S. L., et al. (2015). “Gut-directed hypnotherapy for functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome in children: a systematic review.” Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 61(6), 665–672.

Simrén, M., & Tack, J. (2018). “Neurogastroenterology and motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.” Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 160, 413–426.

Keefer, L., et al. (2020). “Gut-directed hypnotherapy significantly improves quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.” Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 32(8)

Costerton, J. W., et al. (1999). “Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections.” Science, 284(5418), 1318–1322.

Pérez, M. J., et al. (2021). “Biofilm disruption agents for chronic infections: a review of potential strategies.” Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 609325.

Bjarnsholt, T., et al. (2013). “The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections.” APMIS, 121(136), 1–58.

Mayer, E. A., et al. (2014). “Gut/brain axis and the microbiota.” Journal of Clinical Investigation, 124(10), 4132–4142.

Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). “The microbiome-gut-brain axis in health and disease.” Gastroenterology Clinics, 46(1), 77–89.

Rao, S. S. C., & Rehman, A. (2018). “Biofeedback therapy for constipation and fecal incontinence.” Gastroenterology Clinics, 47(3), 623–636.

Sachdeva, A., & Rawat, A. K. (2020). “Herbal biofilm disruptors in the management of gut dysbiosis.” Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 11(3), 350–356.

by Antonios Koletsas
Gastrointestinal System
Health, Lifestyle

Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy for SIBO: How to Heal Your Mind-Gut Connection Naturally

March 15, 2025

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is a complex and often frustrating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Characterized by an overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine, SIBO can lead to a host of uncomfortable symptoms, including bloating, gas, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and malabsorption of nutrients. While antibiotics and dietary changes are commonly prescribed treatments, many patients find that these approaches only provide temporary relief or fail to address the root cause of the issue. This is where gut-directed hypnotherapy comes in—a powerful, evidence-based tool that can help clear SIBO by addressing the mind-gut connection.

Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) Illustration courtesy of Freepik

Understanding SIBO and the Mind-Gut Connection

SIBO occurs when bacteria that normally reside in the large intestine migrate to the small intestine, where they don’t belong. This overgrowth disrupts digestion, leading to the symptoms mentioned above. While factors like diet, antibiotics, and gut motility issues can contribute to SIBO, emerging research highlights the role of stress and the brain-gut axis in the development and persistence of the condition.

The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system (the “second brain” in the gut). Stress, anxiety, and trauma can disrupt this communication, leading to changes in gut motility, immune function, and bacterial balance. This is why many people with SIBO also struggle with conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), anxiety, and depression.

What is Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy?

Gut-directed hypnotherapy is a specialized form of hypnotherapy designed to address gut-related issues by calming the nervous system and restoring balance to the brain-gut axis. During a session, a trained hypnotherapist guides the patient into a deeply relaxed state and uses visualization, suggestion, and other techniques to promote healing in the gut.

Research has shown that gut-directed hypnotherapy can significantly improve symptoms of IBS, which often overlaps with SIBO. Studies have demonstrated that hypnotherapy can reduce pain, bloating, and irregular bowel movements while improving overall quality of life. While less research has specifically focused on SIBO, the principles of gut-directed hypnotherapy make it a promising complementary treatment for this condition.

How Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy Can Help Clear SIBO

  1. Reducing Stress and Calming the Nervous System
    Chronic stress is a major contributor to SIBO, as it can impair gut motility and create an environment where bacteria thrive. Gut-directed hypnotherapy helps activate the parasympathetic nervous system (the “rest and digest” mode), which counteracts the effects of stress and promotes healthy digestion.
  2. Improving Gut Motility
    One of the key factors in SIBO is impaired motility in the small intestine, which allows bacteria to accumulate. Hypnotherapy can help regulate the migrating motor complex (MMC), the wave-like contractions that clear bacteria from the small intestine between meals. By enhancing the MMC, hypnotherapy can help prevent bacterial overgrowth.
  3. Restoring Balance to the Brain-Gut Axis
    Hypnotherapy works to rewire the brain-gut connection, reducing hypersensitivity in the gut and improving communication between the brain and the digestive system. This can help alleviate symptoms like pain, bloating, and irregular bowel movements.
  4. Addressing Emotional Triggers
    Many people with SIBO have a history of trauma, anxiety, or chronic stress, which can exacerbate gut issues. Hypnotherapy provides a safe space to process and release these emotions, reducing their impact on the gut.
  5. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Other Treatments
    Gut-directed hypnotherapy can be used alongside antibiotics, probiotics, and dietary changes to enhance their effectiveness. By addressing the mind-gut connection, hypnotherapy can help create a more favorable environment for healing.

What to Expect in a Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy Session

During a gut-directed hypnotherapy session, you’ll be guided into a state of deep relaxation. Your therapist may use imagery, such as visualizing a calm, healing light flowing through your digestive system, or suggest positive affirmations to reinforce healthy gut function. Over time, these sessions can help retrain your brain and gut to work together more harmoniously.

Many people begin to notice improvements in their symptoms after just a few sessions, though the number of sessions needed varies depending on the individual. Hypnotherapy is a safe, non-invasive, and drug-free approach that can be tailored to your specific needs.

A Holistic Approach to SIBO Healing

While gut-directed hypnotherapy is not a standalone cure for SIBO, it is a valuable tool in a holistic treatment plan. By addressing the mind-gut connection, hypnotherapy can help break the cycle of stress and dysfunction that perpetuates SIBO. Combined with dietary changes, probiotics, and other therapies, it can support long-term healing and help you regain control of your gut health.

If you’re struggling with SIBO and haven’t found relief through conventional treatments, consider exploring gut-directed hypnotherapy. It may be the missing piece in your journey to healing.

About the Author
Antonios Koletsas is a certified hypnotherapist who specializes in gut-directed hypnotherapy for SIBO, IBS, and other digestive disorders. Passionate about helping clients heal from the inside out, Antonios combines evidence-based techniques with a compassionate, personalized approach to support lasting change. Contact Antonios today to learn more about how hypnotherapy can help you reclaim your gut health by submitting the contact form or calling 020 7101 3284.

References

  1. SIBO Overview
    Ghoshal, U. C., Shukla, R., & Ghoshal, U. (2017). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome: A bridge between functional organic dichotomy. Gut and Liver, 11(2), 196–208. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl16126
  2. Brain-Gut Axis and Stress
    Mayer, E. A., Tillisch, K., & Gupta, A. (2015). Gut/brain axis and the microbiota. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 125(3), 926–938. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI76304
  3. Hypnotherapy for IBS
    Whorwell, P. J., Prior, A., & Faragher, E. B. (1984). Controlled trial of hypnotherapy in the treatment of severe refractory irritable bowel syndrome. The Lancet, 324(8414), 1232–1234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92793-4
  4. MMC Dysfunction and SIBO
    Pimentel, M., Soffer, E. E., Chow, E. J., Kong, Y., & Lin, H. C. (2002). Lower frequency of MMC is found in IBS subjects with abnormal lactulose breath test, suggesting bacterial overgrowth. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 47(12), 2639–2643. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021039032413
  5. Stress and Gut Microbiota
    Foster, J. A., Rinaman, L., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiology of Stress, 7, 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001
  6. Hypnotherapy and Gut Motility
    Simrén, M., Ringström, G., Björnsson, E. S., & Abrahamsson, H. (2004). Treatment with hypnotherapy reduces the sensory and motor component of the gastrocolonic response in irritable bowel syndrome. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(2), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000116964.76529.6e
  7. Emotional Triggers and Gut Health
    Bradford, K., Shih, W., Videlock, E. J., Presson, A. P., Mayer, E. A., Chang, L., & Naliboff, B. D. (2012). Association between early adverse life events and irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 10(4), 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2011.12.018
  8. Integrative Approaches to SIBO
    Chey, W. D., Kurlander, J., & Eswaran, S. (2015). Irritable bowel syndrome: A clinical review. JAMA, 313(9), 949–958. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.0954
  9. Vagus Nerve and Digestion
    Bonaz, B., Sinniger, V., & Pellissier, S. (2017). The vagus nerve in the neuro-immune axis: Implications in the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 1452. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01452
  10. Rome IV Criteria for Functional Gut Disorders
    Drossman, D. A., & Hasler, W. L. (2016). Rome IV—Functional GI disorders: Disorders of gut-brain interaction. Gastroenterology, 150(6), 1257–1261. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.03.035
by Antonios Koletsas
Health

Hypnotherapy: A Powerful Tool for Sustainable Weight Loss

January 7, 2025

Struggling with weight loss can be frustrating and disheartening. As a hypnotherapist, I’m excited to share how hypnotherapy can be a game-changer in your weight loss journey. This innovative approach addresses the root causes of weight gain, helping you achieve sustainable results.

How Hypnotherapy Works for Weight Loss

Hypnotherapy for weight loss works by “rewiring” limiting thoughts and feelings that often lead to yo-yo dieting. By accessing your subconscious mind, hypnotherapy can help you:

  1. Break unhealthy attachments to food
  2. Reduce stress-related eating
  3. Boost motivation for healthy lifestyle changes
  4. Improve self-esteem and body image

Have you ever wondered why some people are always slim and others can’t seem to be able to lose weight? It comes down to body image. As soon as your subconscious identifies that you have changed your body image, it will kickstart the process of losing weight by kickstarting all the processes necessary to do that healthily. If when you think about yourself a fat person comes to mind, then that’s what needs to change in order for you to be completely diet-free and lose that weight!

The Science Behind Hypnotherapy and Weight Loss

Research supports the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for weight management. Studies have shown that hypnosis can:

  • Lower body mass index (BMI) and reduce leptin levels, a hormone associated with obesity
  • Increase adiponectin levels, which protect against obesity and type II diabetes
  • Modulate brain activity in regions associated with reward processing and self-regulation

Benefits of Hypnotherapy for Weight Loss

  1. Holistic Approach: Hypnotherapy addresses the psychological aspects of weight loss, not just the physical.
  2. Stress Relief: It provides instant stress relief, helping to break the cycle of emotional eating.
  3. Sustainable Results: By changing your relationship with food, hypnotherapy promotes long-term success.
  4. No Side Effects: Unlike some weight loss methods, hypnotherapy is safe and free from adverse effects.

What to Expect in a Hypnotherapy Session

During a typical session, I will guide you into a state of deep relaxation. In this receptive state, we’ll work together to:

  1. Identify and reframe negative thought patterns
  2. Enhance your motivation for healthy eating and exercise
  3. Develop positive self-talk and body image
  4. Create new, healthier associations with food and eating habits
Designed by Freepik

Combining Hypnotherapy with Other Approaches

For optimal results, hypnotherapy works best when combined with a balanced diet and regular exercise. As your hypnotherapist, I can help you stay motivated and committed to your overall wellness plan. Hypnotherapy offers a unique and effective approach to weight loss by addressing the mental and emotional factors that often sabotage diet and exercise efforts.

By harnessing the power of your subconscious mind, you can achieve lasting weight loss success and improve your overall well-being. Ready to transform your relationship with food and achieve your weight loss goals? Contact me today to schedule your first hypnotherapy session and take the first step towards a healthier, happier you.

References:

https://www.healthline.com/health/weight-loss/self-hypnosis-for-weight-loss

https://www.womenshealthmag.com/uk/fitness/fat-loss/a36671402/hypnotherapy-weight-loss

https://www.le-guide-sante.org/actualites/medical-news-english/science-behind-hypnosis-obesity-management

https://www.healthline.com/health/hypnotherapy-weight-loss

https://www.hypnotherapy-directory.org.uk/topics/weight-loss.html

https://www.hypnotherapy-directory.org.uk/articles/hypnotherapy-and-weight-loss

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32716207

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9758970

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hypnosis-for-weight-loss

by Antonios Koletsas
Health, Lifestyle

Hypnotherapy for Anxiety: Procedure, Benefits and More

December 19, 2024

What is Anxiety?

Feeling anxious is normal part of life, especially around work, money, family, school or health. However, it when it becomes chronic and felt in many situations in everyday life then its characterised as anxiety disorder. For people with these disorders, life can feel overwhelmed especially in daily activities that involves new situations, exposure to unknown people or visiting new places.

There are several types of anxiety disorders including:

Generalised anxiety disorder

Panic disorder

Social anxiety disorder

Various fears and phobias

The role of Hypnotherapy in treating anxiety

Hypnotherapy plays a significant role in treating anxiety, offering an effective complementary approach to traditional psychological interventions. Research indicates that hypnosis can reduce anxiety more effectively when combined with other psychological treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or exposure therapy

Mechanisms of Action

Hypnotherapy works by inducing a state of focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness, enhancing a person’s responsiveness to suggestions. This relaxed state allows individuals to:

  1. Tap into internal resources not easily accessible in a fully conscious state
  2. Alter brainwave patterns, promoting relaxation and calmness
  3. Gain greater emotional control and reduce negative thinking

Effectiveness

Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hypnotherapy in anxiety treatment:

  • A meta-analysis found that hypnosis reduced anxiety more than 79% compared to control participants at the end of active treatment.
  • Hypnosis has shown to be effective in reducing state anxiety and tension.
  • It may positively affect the cardiovascular system by reducing sympathetic activation and increasing parasympathetic tone.

Benefits of Hypnotherapy for Anxiety

Hypnotherapy offers several benefits for individuals struggling with anxiety:

  • Helps break the cycle of negative thinking and dread
  • Builds confidence and self-esteem
  • Encourages relaxation and calmness
  • Allows visualization of positive outcomes
  • Addresses root causes of anxiety
  • Provides a safe and controlled environment for facing fears

Ready to embark your Hypnotherapy Journey?

If you’re struggling with anxiety, consider the transformative benefits of hypnotherapy. This powerful tool helps you tap into your subconscious mind to uncover the root causes of your anxiety and reframe negative thought patterns, leading to lasting relief and a more positive outlook on life.

I offer a personalized approach tailored to your unique experiences and challenges, ensuring that you feel comfortable exploring your thoughts in a safe and supportive environment. Utilizing proven techniques, I have helped many clients overcome their anxiety by promoting relaxation and empowering them to regain control over their thoughts and emotions.

Conveniently located in Islington, London, you can learn more about my services at London Hypnotics. If you’re ready to take the first step towards overcoming anxiety, call me at 020 7101 3284 or visit my website to book your session today.

Don’t let anxiety hold you back any longer—embrace the opportunity for change through hypnotherapy!

Sources

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1411835/full

https://www.thetimes.com/article/how-hypnotherapy-helps-soothe-patients-on-nhs-waiting-lists-7fczlr2lx?id=1756158124&gad_source=1

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/panic-disorder-when-fear-overwhelms

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11258040

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31251710

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hypnosis-for-anxiety

Pictures Designed by Freepik

by Antonios Koletsas
Health, Lifestyle

Overcoming Addiction: The Role of Hypnotherapy in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Recovery

October 26, 2024

How Hypnotherapy Can Help with Addictions

Designed by Freepik

Addictions are easy to define. We think of them as some impulse that we cannot control and give up to indulge in whatever we are addicted to, getting some temporary relief. However, people experience different kinds of addictions that manifest in various forms throughout their lives sometimes. We believe that this person has an “addictive personality,” which somehow creates a label for that individual and a belief that this is how their life is or this is what happens to them.

From my experience working with individuals throughout my career, whom I have helped overcome their addictions, I have found that in most cases, if not all of them, addictions were just a masking of sorts of pain, usually emotional. Now, this is contrary to popular belief that addictions are a weak side of someone’s personality. It turns out that when we engage with that painful part and deal with its needs, addictions subside and eventually disappear, giving the individual a sense of control over their life again.

This sounds very encouraging to know that we now have the tools and can turn someone’s life into a better and more fulfilling one in many aspects. Below, I will list a few different events that can lead to addictions, and then we will discuss how hypnotherapy can be a powerful tool to heal those addictions:

  • Emotional abuse
  • Pain (psychological and physical)
  • Neglect from parents or partners
  • Emotional trauma
  • Unfulfilled relationships
  • Childhood trauma
  • Tragic loss of a significant person
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Physical injury

Now, this is a very complex psychological phenomenon in which we don’t have the right language to fully express how someone feels or experiences their life. But we can say for sure that if someone is addicted to something, in most cases they are seeking help. But how can Hypnotherapy help with addictions?

The answer is also complex; however, we have this wonderful tool of hypnosis that we can utilize to bypass the conscious mind and get straight to the root of the problem in a relatively short time. Hypnosis used under a skillful and trained hypnotherapist can significantly impact someone’s life for the better in a very short timeframe. Usually, 2-3 sessions are enough to address the addictive parts of the psyche and heal those parts of the personality to move forward from the addictions. Hypnotherapy is one of the most successful treatments for addictions nowadays and has been praised for its efficiency in the scientific community.

If you are suffering from addictions or know someone who may need help, then I suggest calling me at 020 7101 3284 or contact me directly and discuss further how I can help you overcome your addiction. 

Sources

https://www.hypnotherapy-directory.org.uk/topics/drug-addiction.html

https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/what-to-know-hypnosis-alcoholism

https://openriver.winona.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1185&context=counseloreducationcapstones

https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/hypnosis-and-hypnotherapy

https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/addiction-support/drug-addiction-getting-help

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15376606

by Antonios Koletsas
Insomnia Hypnotherapy
Health, Lifestyle

Hypnotherapy to reduce Anxiety.

October 13, 2024

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety is a common emotional state characterized by feelings of worry, unease, or fear that can range from mild to severe. Here are the key points about anxiety:

Designed by Freepik

Definition and Characteristics

Anxiety is:

  • A feeling of fear, dread, and uneasiness
  • Characterized by tension, worried thoughts, and physical changes like increased blood pressure
  • A future-oriented, long-acting response focused on a diffuse threat
  • Part of the body’s natural ‘fight or flight’ response to stress or perceived danger

Physical Symptoms

Common physical symptoms of anxiety include:

  • Sweating
  • Feeling restless or tense
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dizziness
  • Muscle tension

Normal vs. Problematic Anxiety

  • Some anxiety is normal and even helpful in certain situations
  • Anxiety becomes problematic when it’s excessive, persistent, and interferes with daily life
  • When anxiety is severe and chronic, it may be diagnosed as an anxiety disorder

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are mental health conditions characterized by excessive and persistent anxiety. Common types include:

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
  • Panic Disorder
  • Social Anxiety Disorder
  • Specific Phobias

Prevalence

  • Anxiety disorders are prevalent, affecting an estimated one in six adults in the UK
  • In the US, around 40 million people have an anxiety disorder

How hypnotherapy can help with Anxiety

Hypnotherapy can be a useful approach for managing and alleviating anxiety. It guides individuals into a deeply relaxed state, known as hypnosis, where the mind is more open to suggestion and focused on positive changes. Here’s how hypnotherapy can help with anxiety:

Deep Relaxation: Hypnosis induces a state of deep relaxation, reducing stress levels and calming the nervous system. This relaxation can help counteract the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as rapid heart rate, tension, and restlessness.

Changing Negative Thought Patterns: Anxiety often stems from persistent negative thinking or fears. During hypnosis, a hypnotherapist can introduce positive suggestions and help reshape negative thought patterns. This can lead to more constructive thinking and reduce anxiety-triggering thoughts.

Addressing Underlying Issues: Hypnotherapy can be used to explore and uncover subconscious issues that may be contributing to anxiety, such as past traumas or unresolved emotional conflicts. By bringing these to the surface in a safe way, individuals can process and release the emotions tied to their anxiety.

Building Coping Mechanisms: Through hypnosis, clients can learn new coping strategies, like visualization techniques, to handle anxious situations more effectively. Hypnotherapy may instill feelings of calm and confidence that help manage future episodes of anxiety.

Reducing Fear and Phobias: Hypnotherapy is particularly effective in addressing specific phobias or irrational fears that cause anxiety. By targeting these fears directly, individuals can desensitize themselves to triggers, lowering anxiety levels over time.

Enhancing Mindfulness and Self-Control: Hypnotherapy often teaches individuals how to be more mindful of their emotions and thoughts, giving them greater control over anxiety responses. This helps them become more resilient in stressful situations.

At London Hypnotics we offer tailored hypnotherapy sessions for each individual. We believe every human being has unique characteristics and there is no cure-all technique to fix everyone’s issues. If you are ready to embark on your journey to a more stress-free life, without worries and anxiety and with a sharp and clear mind then I strongly suggest that you book your free consultation via or call 020 7101 3284

Sources:

https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety

https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html

https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/our-work/public-engagement/mental-health-awareness-week/anxiety-report/what-anxiety

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323454

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31251710

https://www.hypnotherapy-directory.org.uk/topics/anxiety.html

by Antonios Koletsas
Shows human has pain in different parts of the body
Health

Is Hypnotherapy the Key to Your Pain Relief? Find Out Now!

August 30, 2024

Is Hypnotherapy the Key to Your Pain Relief? Find Out Now!

Why do I feel pain? Pain is a complex sensation that most of us experience at some point in our lives. It can be physical, resulting from injury or disease, but it can also be emotional or psychological. While physical pain is often localized to a specific area of the body, emotional and psychological pain can manifest differently. Interestingly, this type of pain is frequently experienced as headaches or migraines, often centered around the skull area.

Many people wonder why pain sometimes returns quickly after taking a painkiller. This occurrence is common and can be due to various factors, including the type of pain, the effectiveness of the medication, and individual physiology. It’s important to note that chronic pain, whether physical or emotional, can persist without an apparent ongoing cause. Some individuals may experience what they describe as chronic migraines or headaches ‘without a reason,’ which could be related to underlying emotional or psychological factors.

Today we will explore what pain is and how we can treat pain with Hypnotherapy.

Shows human has pain in different parts of the body

Understanding Pain

Pain is more than just a physical sensation. It involves:

  • Physical sensations in the body
  • Emotional responses like anxiety or depression
  • Cognitive factors such as attention and expectations

Chronic pain, which persists for over 6 months, can be particularly challenging to treat with conventional methods alone.

If you are experiencing pain, it is always recommended to consult your doctor. They can investigate further to identify the cause and determine the most appropriate treatment. Several illnesses and conditions are commonly associated with pain, including:

Arthritis
Arthritis involves inflammation and stiffness in the joints, with pain ranging from mild to severe depending on the condition’s severity. This can make daily activities challenging.

Cancer
Many cancer patients experience pain, which may result from tumors or cancer treatments. The level of pain varies based on individual circumstances.

Cluster headaches and migraines
Cluster headaches cause intense, sudden pain in the head, lasting from 15 minutes to three hours and often occurring in clusters, causing significant discomfort. Migraines are another severe type of headache, often accompanied by vomiting and sensitivity to light and sound. If you frequently suffer from migraines, your doctor may prescribe medication.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
This condition usually develops after an injury, with pain that persists and is often disproportionate to the initial injury.

Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition where cells similar to those in the womb are found in other body parts. While some experience no pain, most suffer from pelvic pain, severe menstrual cramps, and pain during or after intercourse.

Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia’s cause remains largely unknown, but it is characterized by widespread muscle pain and stiffness. Treatment often includes pain relief, physical therapy, and relaxation techniques.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
MS affects the brain, nerves, and spinal cord, with about half of those affected experiencing pain. This may be musculoskeletal due to pressure on muscles and joints or neuropathic, with damaged nerve fibers causing a burning or stabbing sensation.

Sciatica and back pain
Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes irritated, often due to a slipped disc, leading to leg pain. Other types of back pain may result from previous injuries or muscle overuse.

What is emotional pain and what can I do about it?

Emotional pain is a complex and deeply unpleasant psychological experience that can significantly impact a person’s well-being. Here’s an overview of emotional pain and some strategies for managing it:

Understanding Emotional Pain

Emotional pain refers to intense negative feelings and mental suffering that are not directly caused by physical stimuli. It can be described as:

  • A state of “feeling broken” involving a sense of loss, disconnection, and negative self-awareness
  • An aversive feeling associated with perceptions of negative changes in the self and its functioning
  • Intense dysphoric effects like sorrow, shame, emptiness, and loneliness

Emotional pain often stems from:

  • Loss of significant relationships
  • Trauma or abuse
  • Frustrated psychological needs
  • Social rejection or isolation
  • Failure to meet personal standards or expectations

Impact of Emotional Pain

Severe emotional pain can:

  • Be as distressing as physical pain
  • Increased risk of depression and suicidal thoughts
  • Amplify physical pain conditions
  • Impair daily functioning and quality of life

Strategies for Managing Emotional Pain

  1. Seek professional help: A mental health professional can provide therapy and coping strategies tailored to your situation.
  2. Practice emotional awareness: Learn to identify and label your emotions accurately.
  3. Express your feelings: Share your pain with trusted friends, family, or support groups.
  4. Use mindfulness techniques: Mindfulness can help you observe painful emotions without being overwhelmed by them.
  5. Engage in self-care: Prioritize sleep, nutrition, exercise, and activities you enjoy.
  6. Challenge negative thoughts: Work on reframing overly negative or self-critical thinking patterns.
  7. Set achievable goals: Accomplish small tasks to build self-esteem and a sense of control.
  8. Practice self-compassion: Treat yourself with kindness and understanding.
  9. Explore relaxation techniques: Try deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery.
  10. Consider medication: In some cases, antidepressants or other medications may be helpful when prescribed by a doctor.

How Hypnotherapy can help with pain?

Hypnotherapy has emerged as a powerful tool for managing both acute and chronic pain conditions. By harnessing the mind-body connection, hypnosis can significantly alter pain perception and provide relief for many patients.

Mechanisms of Pain Relief through Hypnosis

Altering Pain Perception

Hypnosis can effectively “close the gate” on pain pathways, blocking pain signals from reaching the brain. While it doesn’t eliminate the source of pain, hypnotherapy changes how the brain interprets pain signals, reducing the overall sensation of discomfort.

Relaxation and Stress Reduction

Pain often leads to increased muscle tension and stress, which can exacerbate discomfort. Hypnosis induces deep relaxation, activating the parasympathetic nervous system and reducing overall tension. This relaxation response helps interrupt the pain-tension cycle.

Refocusing Attention

Hypnotic techniques can help redirect attention away from pain sensations and onto more pleasant imagery or experiences. By training the brain to focus on soothing scenes or sensations, hypnotherapy can significantly reduce pain awareness.

Effectiveness for Various Pain Conditions

Research has demonstrated the efficacy of hypnosis for a wide range of pain conditions:

  • Chronic pain associated with fibromyalgia, arthritis, and cancer
  • Acute pain related to medical procedures or surgery
  • Low back pain
  • Headaches and migraines
  • Irritable bowel syndrome

Studies have shown an average 29% reduction in pain for patients receiving hypnotic interventions.

Advantages of Hypnotherapy for Pain Management

Hypnotherapy offers several benefits as a pain management tool:

  • Non-invasive and drug-free approach
  • No side effects, unlike many pain medications
  • Can be used alongside other treatments
  • Empower patients with self-management tools
  • May reduce reliance on pain medications

Hypnotic Techniques for Pain Relief

Hypnotherapists employ various approaches to manage pain:

  • Guided imagery to visualize pain reduction
  • Suggestions for numbness or altered sensations in painful areas
  • Post-hypnotic suggestions for ongoing pain relief
  • Teaching self-hypnosis techniques for patients to use at home

Neurochemical Effects

Hypnotherapy helps create a steady flow of serotonin, which can interrupt pain signals received by the brain. This neurochemical effect contributes to the pain-relieving properties of hypnosis.

Supporting the Parasympathetic Nervous System

By promoting relaxation and stress reduction, hypnotherapy supports the parasympathetic nervous system. This helps counter the activity of stress-related neurotransmitters that can increase pain perception.

Long-term Benefits

Regular hypnotherapy sessions and practicing self-hypnosis can lead to lasting improvements in pain management. Patients often report reduced pain intensity, improved sleep, and better overall quality of life. Hypnotherapy offers a valuable complementary approach to comprehensive pain management. Its ability to alter pain perception, induce relaxation, and empower patients with self-management tools makes it an attractive option for those seeking alternatives or additions to traditional pain treatments.

To discuss how I can help you with pain, do not hesitate to contact me or call 020 7101 3284.

Hypnotherapist Antonios

Sources
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152687/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_pain

https://bjgp.org/content/emotional-pain-parable-concealed-suffering

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14582833

https://www.hypnotherapy-directory.org.uk/topics/pain-management.html

https://www.hypnotherapy-directory.org.uk/topics/pain-management.html#whatischronicpain

https://www.sense-ability.co.uk/Blog/2020/7/9/can-hypnotherapy-ease-chronic-pain

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752362

https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/complementary-therapies/natural-therapies/hypnosis-for-pain-relief

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325041

by Antonios Koletsas
Health, Lifestyle

How Hypnosis Works: Insights from a Professional Hypnotherapist

August 24, 2024

Hypnosis is a state of focused attention and heightened suggestibility that can be used as a therapeutic tool to address various physical and psychological issues. This altered state of consciousness is characterized by deep relaxation and increased concentration, allowing individuals to become more receptive to positive suggestions and behavioral changes.

Hypnotherapy in Practice

How Hypnosis Works

During a hypnosis session, a trained hypnotherapist guides the individual into a relaxed state using verbal repetition and mental imagery. This process typically involves:

  1. Induction: The hypnotherapist leads the person into a deeply relaxed state.
  2. Suggestion: Once relaxed, the therapist offers suggestions aligned with the individual’s goals.
  3. Return to alertness: The session concludes by gradually bringing the person out of the hypnotic state.

It’s important to note that individuals remain in control during hypnosis and can reject suggestions that don’t align with their values or desires.

Scientific Basis

Brain imaging studies have provided insights into the neurological changes that occur during hypnosis:

  • Reduced activity in task-switching brain regions
  • Disconnection between self-reflection and daydreaming areas
  • Calming of brain regions controlling autonomic functions

These changes may explain the deep relaxation and increased suggestibility experienced during hypnosis.

Brain under hypnosis. 3D MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans show areas of activation (red) within a human brain when regions of the body move whilst under hypnosis. The specific areas that show activity here are the anterior cingulate cortex, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and cerebellum.

Applications and Benefits

Hypnotherapy has shown promise in addressing various conditions and behaviors:

  • Pain management (including cancer-related pain and childbirth)
  • Anxiety and stress reduction
  • Smoking cessation and weight loss
  • Phobias and fears
  • Positive body perception
  • Sleep problems
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Hot flashes associated with menopause
  • Behavioral changes in children and adolescents

One particularly interesting application is “hypnosedation” in surgical settings, where hypnosis is used alongside local anesthesia. Studies have shown that patients undergoing hypnosedation experience less anxiety, require less pain medication, and report reduced post-operative discomfort compared to those under general anesthesia.

Effectiveness and Limitations

While hypnosis has demonstrated efficacy in numerous clinical trials, it’s important to recognize that not everyone is equally susceptible to hypnosis. Research suggests that about two-thirds of adults can be hypnotized to varying degrees. Hypnotherapy is generally considered safe when performed by a trained professional. However, it may not be suitable for individuals with severe mental illness like Psychosis or Schizophrenia.

Finding a Hypnotherapist

When seeking hypnotherapy, it’s crucial to choose a qualified practitioner:

  • Look for professionals with a healthcare background (e.g., doctors, psychologists, or counselors)
  • Ensure they have specific training in hypnotherapy
  • Verify their registration with accredited professional organizations

Hypnosis is a scientifically supported therapeutic technique that harnesses the power of focused attention and suggestibility to promote positive changes in thoughts, behaviors, and physical sensations. While not a cure-all, it offers a valuable complementary approach to addressing various health concerns when used appropriately by skilled and trained professionals.

About me

Hypnotherapist Antonios

Antonios Koletsas is a qualified hypnotherapist based in London, trained in the Ericksonian approach and NLP under the guidance of Stephen Brooks. He holds a diploma from BHRTI, is insured, and is a member of several professional organizations, including GHSC, GHR, and MHS. Currently a psychology student, he is also a certified HypnoIBS practitioner with extensive training in IBS and CBT. Koletsas serves on the Advisory Board for IBS at the IBS network in the UK. His practice emphasizes a collaborative approach that combines Ericksonian Hypnotherapy, coaching, and nutrition to promote sustainable outcomes for clients, focusing on establishing new habits and behaviors for a fulfilling life.

If you are ready to start a new journey with more positivity in life I encourage you to contact me or book your consultation online here or just call 020 7101 3284

Sources

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hypnosis/about/pac-20394405
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hypnotherapy/

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22676-hypnosis

https://time.com/6171844/how-hypnosis-works

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hypnosis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6357291

https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/hypnosis-and-hypnotherapy

https://www.healthline.com/health/is-hypnosis-real

by Antonios Koletsas
Stressed woman holing her head
Health, Lifestyle

Can Hypnotherapy help my anxiety & stress?

April 23, 2024

Anxiety and stress are complex psychological phenomena that many individuals experience throughout their lives. There are different types of anxiety disorders and each of them has been studied extensively to understand their mechanisms and also how we can treat them.

The good news is that anxiety is easily treated either with psychological therapies medicine, or a combination of both. Our brains are linked with anxiety for millennia and it is a driving force to improve our lives, but when anxiety overloads our system we are starting to experience different psychological and physiological symptoms.

Anxiety and stress usually go hand in hand, because stress in our daily lives if left unmanageable can lead to anxiety disorders. But stress is not the only cause of anxiety, for example, someone may start to experience anxiety after abuse or trauma. Emotional trauma manifests from the psyche and develops into different types of symptoms and anxiety is one of them. Often people who have experienced emotional abuse or trauma have different psychosomatic symptoms that keep manifesting throughout their lives.

An example of someone who has been dealing with emotional pain and has been manifested in psychosomatic pain can swift from back pain to migraines, poor sleep, weight gain, brain fog, cognitive decline, eating disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety, depression, or a combination of these.

But, how Hypnotherapy can help with anxiety or stress? the answer is not so simple, but I will try to explain and give you some answers:

Hypnotherapy works by blocking the conscious mind or the chattering mind and accessing the unconscious part of the brain with hypnosis. All your memories, beliefs, bodily functions, and ideas about the world or yourself are stored in the unconscious part of your brain. There is strong evidence that your unconscious mind starts developing when you are a fetus and stops by the age of 7 or 8 years old.

Luckily, this doesn’t mean that it cannot be changed. The good news is that you can use a lot of different tools to change parts of your unconscious mind and some of these tools have been used for hundreds of years by different people around the world. Meditation, affirmations, healing ceremonies, modern psychotherapy, and CBT all help to change how your unconscious mind works. In addition to these different types of therapies, Hypnotherapy has been praised for its efficacy and speed in treating such conditions. Hypnotherapy can go to the root cause of your stress and anxiety, heal the part that is responsible for the symptoms in a very short period, and help you achieve your true potential in life.

Hypnotherapy can also help you find helpful ways to cope with stress in your daily life, teach you breathing techniques that help your body release stress, and also understand yourself and get to know who you are at the deepest level of your being.

Now, you may wonder how to find a good hypnotherapist. I recommend you always choose someone who has been professionally trained, is a member of a registered body like GHR in the UK, and also has experience in working with stress and anxiety and one that you can trust. I offer a free consultation to discuss your issues and find out if we are a good match to work together because the pre-requirement for a successful therapy is rapport and trust with your therapist.

If you are feeling ready to embark on a healing journey, feeling your best version of yourself then I recommend you book a free consultation by clicking here or simply call 020 7101 3284 or 07586755862.

Here are some useful links to manage anxiety

https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/explore-mental-health/publications/how-manage-and-reduce-stress

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/16-ways-relieve-stress-anxiety

https://www.oxfordhealth.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/OH-195.20-Anxiety.pdf

https://www.nhs.uk/every-mind-matters/mental-health-issues/anxiety

References

Golden, W. L. (2012). Cognitive hypnotherapy for anxiety disorders. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 54(4), 263-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2011.650333

Rohaeti, A., wondo, A. S., Pujiastuti, R., Latifah, L., & Widyawati, M. N. (2018). Hypnotherapy as an alternative to reducing anxiety levels, cortisol levels and fetal heart rate among primigravide in the third trimester of pregnancy. International Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 4(3), 5-8. https://doi.org/10.14445/24547484/ijnhs-v4i3p102

Annisa, D. F., Afdal, A., Daharnis, D., & Adlya, S. I. (2019). Hypnotherapy as an alternative approach in reducing anxiety in the elderly. Konselor, 8(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.24036/0201874102696-0-00

Lawrence, P., Murayama, K., & Creswell, C. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis: anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(1), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.898

Harandi, A. A., Esfandani, A., & Shakibaei, F. (2004). The effect of hypnotherapy on procedural pain and state anxiety related to physiotherapy in women hospitalized in a burn unit. Contemporary Hypnosis, 21(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/ch.285

Ghazali, D. A., Ragot, S., Brèque, C., Guéchi, Y., Boureau-Voultoury, A., Petitpas, F., … & Oriot, D. (2016). Randomized controlled trial of multidisciplinary team stress and performance in immersive simulation for management of infant in shock: study protocol. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-016-0229-0

Amray, A. N., Munir, K., Jahan, N., Motiwala, F., & Sattar, N. (2019). Psychopharmacology of pediatric anxiety disorders: a narrative review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5487

Huynh, M. E., Vandvik, I. H., & Diseth, T. H. (2008). Hypnotherapy in child psychiatry: the state of the art. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(3), 377-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104508090601

Annisa, D. F., Afdal, A., Daharnis, D., & Adlya, S. I. (2019). Hypnotherapy as an alternative approach in reducing anxiety in the elderly. Konselor, 8(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.24036/0201874102696-0-00

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by Antonios Koletsas
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